Fig. 1

Experimental and temporal effects on host immune function. Relationships of population-level variation of (a) agglutination titer, (b) IgY concentration, (c) lysis titer and (d) haptoglobin concentration across sampling moments, stratified by experimental treatment. Faded blue circles (high diversity soil) and orange triangles (low diversity soil) represent individual measurements connected by a line per individual female (solid = high diversity, dashed = low diversity). Boxplots show median and first and third quartile per group, with whiskers representing 1.5 · IQR. Treatment groups were measured simultaneously but split along x-axis for visual clarity. Grey area highlights the baseline sampling moment. Experimental treatment and temporal effects on lysis titer were analyzed as occurrence of lytic activity. Asterisks above plots denote pairwise contrasts among sampling moments; * FDR-corrected q < 0.1, ** q < 0.01. Statistics are detailed in Table 1. The experimental effect on IgY concentration is also significant after exclusion of baseline samples (F = 4.35, P < 0.05)