Table 1 Examples of natal philopatry
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Insects -- The spotted darter dragonfly (Sympetrum depressiusculum) exhibits strong philopatry to their natal ponds [13]. -- The lesser marbled fritillary butterfly (Brenthis ino) returns to natal sites [14]. |
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Fish -- Numerous species of salmonids (salmon, trout, char, etc.) migrate back to natal sites for spawning [15]. -- In marine weakfish (Cynoscion regalis), spawning site fidelity ranges from 60 to 81% [16]. --- Several shark species exhibit philopatric behavior [17]. |
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Amphibians --In marbled salamanders (Ambystoma opacum), roughly 90% of individuals return to their natal ponds for breeding [18]. --Several anuran species (frogs and toads) exhibit strong philopatry to their natal ponds [19,20,21]. |
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Reptiles -- Both male and female green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas) return to natal rookeries to breed [22, 23]. -- Female pine snakes (Pituophis melanoleucus) repeatedly return to nesting sites [24]. |
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Birds -- Great Reed Warblers (Acrocephalus arundinaceus) exhibit limited dispersal, and remain in their natal habitats [25]. -- The Wandering Albatross (Diomedea exulans) exhibits high philopatry, where 70-92% of individuals breed at natal sites [26]. |
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Mammals -- Bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) return to breed in their natal habitats well into adulthood [27]. -- In the brown long-eared bat (Plecotus auritus), both sexes exhibit philopatry to natal roosts [28]. -- Female Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella) return to breed within a few meters of their own birth site [29]. |