Fig. 1

Rumen bacterial compositional profiles of dairy cows and dairy buffaloes. A Relative abundance of major bacteria phyla (relative abundance > 0.1% in more than 50% animals) for all individuals. B Relative abundance of major bacteria families (relative abundance > 0.1% in more than 50% animals) for all individuals. C Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) of bacteria genera based on Bray-Curtis distance. D PCoA of bacteria species based on Bray-Curtis distance. E Cladogram of significantly different taxa identified in the rumen microbiome data sets of dairy cows and dairy buffaloes based on the cut-off of LDA > 3.5 and P < 0.01. Clades significantly enriched in each cohort are highlighted by the colors shown in the legend. DB: dairy buffalo; SDF: significantly different feature; LDA: linear discriminant analysis