Fig. 3

Beta diversity (Unweighted UniFrac distances) for three experimental groups of male ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta), represented as model-predicted distances from baseline, with 95% confidence intervals. Shown are values for healthy animals that received no treatment (CON), antibiotics only (ABX), or antibiotics plus fecal transfaunation (ABXFT). Trajectories represent predicted responses with smoothing splines that reduce minor variation and noise (e.g., CON animals show minor variation over time in the raw beta diversity data (Figure S1), but the model-predicted values are shown as a straight line). The gray shaded window represents the period of antibiotic treatment, with the prior period representing baseline and the subsequent period representing recovery. The second shifts away from baseline are identified and labelled for ABX and ABXFT animals