Fig. 3

The effect of different substrates on in vitro simulated piglet gut microbiota as determined by 16S rRNA gene (V3-region) amplicon sequencing (Weighted Unifrac distance metrics). All fermentations were carried out in quadruplicate (with exceptions as stated in Fig. 1). a Polysaccharides sourced from pectins with inulin and AG (arabinogalactan) as prebiotic controls. b Sugar beet pectins with different degrees and patterns of esterification. c Different pectin polysaccharides at additive dose of 1% and 0.5%. d Oligossaccharides derived from pectins with FOS (fructooligosaccharides) and GOS (galactooligosaccharides) as prebiotic controls. See Table 1 substrate abbreviations and details on degree of esterification and acetylation for the different substrates