Fig. 2From: Clinical health issues, reproductive hormones, and metabolic hormones associated with gut microbiome structure in African and Asian elephantsAlpha and beta diversity differ between African (n = 69) and Asian (n = 48) elephant host species. A Box plot of bacterial ASV richness and B bacterial phylogenetic diversity between host species. Asian elephants had greater bacterial ASV richness and phylogenetic diversity than African elephants (ANOVAs p < 0.001). C PCoA of Bray–Curtis distances (95% confidence ellipses shown per species) showing that African and Asian elephants have distinct gut bacterial communities in compositions (PERMANOVA p = 0.001) and dispersion (PERMDISP p < 0.001)Back to article page