The microbiome of common bedding materials before and after use on commercial dairy farms

Table 1 PERMANOVA results for the effect of bedding type, status and their interaction on the microbial composition of bedding (n_permutations = 999)

Factor	Permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA)
Factor	Phylum	Class	Genus	ASV level	Potential mastitis pathogens*
Bedding type^a	F = 3.47, R² = 0.10, P = 0.001	F = 3.82, R² = 0.11, P = 0.001	F = 6.09, R² = 0.16, P = 0.001	F = 5.26, R² = 0.15, P = 0.001	F = 4.49, R² = 0.13, P = 0.001
Bedding status^b	F = 7.18, R² = 0.07, P = 0.001	F = 6.82, R² = 0.06, P = 0.001	F = 7.85, R² = 0.07, P = 0.001	F = 5.46, R² = 0.05, P = 0.001	F = 10.07, R² = 0.09, P = 0.001
Type × status	F = 4.05, R² = 0.11, P = 0.001	F = 3.73, R² = 0.10, P = 0.001	F = 2.85, R² = 0.08, P = 0.001	F = 2.07, R² = 0.06, P = 0.001	F = 1.91, R² = 0.05, P = 0.001

*Ordination of potential mastitis pathogens was performed at the genus level
^aBedding type (NSA new sand, ON organic non-manure, RMS recycled manure solids, RSA recycled sand)
^bBedding status (unused and used)

ISSN: 2524-4671