Fig. 4
Beta diversity (unweighted UniFrac distances) of lemur gut microbiota across three environmental conditions—wilderness in Madagascar (WM; green), captivity in Madagascar (CM; pink), and captivity in the U.S. (CU.S.; orange)—that encompass 13 setting (see Table 1 for names of the abbreviated research settings). a, b Principal coordinate plots, showing axes 1 and 2, or 1 and 3, respectively, of individual gut microbial communities colored by setting and encircled by normal data ellipses reflecting environmental condition. c Mean beta diversity distance scores within an environmental condition (single color) and between two environmental conditions (two colors). The center of the box reflects the mean and the error bars represent ± the standard error of the mean (SEM). d Principal coordinate plots, showing axes 1 and 2, for the eight settings within the wilderness condition. Kruskal–Wallis test with Benjamini–Hochberg correction; **** p < 0.0001