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Table 3 Summary of PERMANOVA model statistics for all beta diversity measures (Bray Curtis, Jaccard, Unifrac) and clinical health issues, reproductive hormones, and metabolic hormones in African elephants

From: Clinical health issues, reproductive hormones, and metabolic hormones associated with gut microbiome structure in African and Asian elephants

Variable

df

Bray–Curtis

Jaccard

Unifrac

R2

Pseudo F-stat

p value

R2

Pseudo F-stat

p value

R2

Pseudo F-stat

p value

Progestagens (ng/ml)

1

0.023

1.493

0.756

0.020

1.307

0.859

0.020

1.325

0.625

PRL (ng/ml)

1

0.026

1.718

0.401

0.022

1.388

0.383

0.027

1.809

0.516

LH (ng/ml)

1

0.020

1.310

0.488

0.020

1.270

0.114

0.020

1.313

0.207

FSH (ng/ml)

1

0.019

1.257

0.676

0.019

1.235

0.579

0.019

1.222

0.564

FGM (ng/g)

1

0.019

1.248

0.138

0.018

1.180

0.188

0.019

1.229

0.013*

Total T4 (ug/dl)

1

0.020

1.302

0.962

0.020

1.285

0.922

0.019

1.262

0.584

Total T3 (ng/dl)

1

0.027

1.797

0.994

0.025

1.571

0.989

0.026

1.736

0.946

Free T4 (ng/dl)

1

0.030

1.972

0.334

0.026

1.650

0.265

0.035

2.287

0.407

TSH (ng/ml)

1

0.020

1.300

0.974

0.019

1.217

0.972

0.021

1.357

0.608

BCS

2

0.041

1.329

0.101

0.038

1.197

0.157

0.041

1.345

0.160

GI_6wks

1

0.019

1.219

0.423

0.018

1.161

0.541

0.019

1.253

0.487

LameStiff_6wks

1

0.016

1.040

0.383

0.016

1.009

0.585

0.018

1.173

0.055

Age

1

0.017

1.095

0.644

0.017

1.110

0.389

0.019

1.234

0.440

Residual

46

0.703

NA

NA

0.721

NA

NA

0.698

NA

NA

  1. Bold text indicates variables with significant p values