Fig. 1
Alpha diversity metrics of gut microbiota (a, b) collapsed by environmental condition, including from lemurs in the wilderness (WM; green), captivity in Madagascar (CM; pink), and captivity in the U.S. (CU.S.; orange), and (c, d) averaged across individuals for each of the 13 different settings inhabited (reprising the color codes of each condition, delineated by dashed vertical lines). Shown are both (a, c) Shannon diversity and (b, d) Faith’s phylogenetic diversity. Across the (c, d) settings within an environmental condition (see Table 1 for names of abbreviated study settings), the data are plotted in descending order of mean Shannon diversity. Tukey-style box and whiskers show the median (center horizontal line) and the interquartile range (upper and lower bounds of the box), with outliers that are 1.5 times less than the 25th quartile or 1.5 times more than the 75th quartile. Number of samples (n) is reported below each condition and setting. Kruskal–Wallis test with Benjamini–Hochberg correction; *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001, ns = nonsignificant. Full statistical results are available in the Additional file 1