Shift and homogenization of gut microbiome during invasion in marine fishes

Table 1 Determinants of the structure of environmental and fish gut microbiomes

Microbiome	Factor	Number of significant tests	Average R²	Average F-value	F_region/F_season
Taxonomic diversity
Algae	Region	4	0.09	6.0	2
	Season	4	0.05	3.2
	Region:Season	1	0.01	1.0
Sediment	Region	6	0.38	22.7	5
	Season	4	0.07	4.6
	Region:Season	2	0.05	2.7
Turf	Region	6	0.28	8.7	2
	Season	5	0.06	3.7
	Region:Season	6	0.11	3.8
Water	Region	6	0.48	35.0	2
	Season	6	0.09	15.3
	Region:Season	5	0.07	9.2
S. luridus	Region	6	0.33	18.2	8
	Season	1	0.04	2.2
	Region:Season	6	0.13	9.5
S. rivulatus	Region	6	0.32	30.3	6
	Season	4	0.02	5.0
	Region:Season	6	0.17	31.1
Phylogenetic diversity
S. luridus	Region	6	0.38	21.6	12
	Season	0	0.03	1.8
	Region:Season	6	0.15	11.8
S. rivulatus	Region	6	0.36	36.6	9
	Season	3	0.01	4.3
	Region:Season	6	0.20	40.7

PERMANOVA tests were performed only for the microbiome types for which were sampled for at least two regions and two seasons (Region:Season corresponds to the effect of the interaction). The reported values correspond to averages of tests results performed across three taxonomic ranks (Phylum, Family and ASV) for taxonomic and phylogenetic dissimilarity, estimated with presence-absence or relative abundances data (i.e. q = 0 and 1, respectively). A more comprehensive table summarizing all the performed PERMANOVA (all combinations of dissimilarity indices and taxonomic ranks) is provided in additional file (Additional file 1: Table S13)

ISSN: 2524-4671