Growth performance, caecal microbiome profile, short-chain fatty acids, and litter characteristics in response to placement on reused litter and combined threonine, arginine and glutamine supplementation to juvenile male broiler chickens

Table 5 Feed ingredients and calculated chemical compositions (%) of the experimental starter (0–11 days) and grower (11–21 days) rations

	Starter rations		Grower rations
	C	TAG	C	TAG
Ingredients
Corn starch	3.00	1.44	3.00	1.51
Threonine	0.23	0.45	0.18	0.37
Arginine	0.10	0.44	0.05	0.35
Glutamine	0.00	1.00	0.00	1.00
Wheat	58.22	58.22	60.56	60.56
Soybean meal	31.59	31.59	28.50	28.50
Soya oil	2.20	2.20	3.50	3.50
Salt	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05
Limestone	0.95	0.95	0.87	0.87
Dicalcium phosphate	1.85	1.85	1.65	1.65
Sodium bicarbonate	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50
Lysine HCl	0.39	0.39	0.32	0.32
Methionine	0.24	0.24	0.21	0.21
Valine	0.09	0.09	0.06	0.06
Tryptophan	0.14	0.14	0.12	0.12
Isoleucine	0.05	0.05	0.03	0.03
Vitamin & mineral premix	0.40	0.40	0.40	0.40
Calculated chemical composition
Crude protein %	22.47	24.51	21.01	22.95
AME MJ/kg	12.51	12.51	12.94	12.94
Calcium %	0.96	0.96	0.87	0.87
Phosphorous %	0.72	0.72	0.67	0.67
Available phosphorous %	0.48	0.48	0.44	0.44
Salt %	0.19	0.19	0.16	0.16
Sodium %	0.19	0.19	0.19	0.19
Chloride %	0.16	0.16	0.15	0.15
Digestible essential amino acids %
Threonine	0.86	1.08	0.77	0.96
Arginine	1.37	1.71	1.23	1.53
Histidine	0.48	0.48	0.45	0.45
Isoleucine	0.86	0.86	0.78	0.78
Leucine	1.40	1.40	1.31	1.31
Lysine	1.28	1.28	1.15	1.15
Methionine	0.51	0.51	0.47	0.47
Cysteine	0.31	0.31	0.30	0.30
Tryptophan	0.20	0.20	0.19	0.19
Valine	0.96	0.96	0.87	0.87
Methionine + cysteine	0.82	0.82	0.77	0.77
Phenylalanine + tyrosine	1.58	1.58	1.48	1.48

AME Apparent metabolisable energy; C Control diets; TAG Threonine, arginine and glutamine supplemented diets; Vitamin and mineral premix provided (units kg⁻¹ diets): Vit A, 16,000 IU; Vit D3, 3,000 IU; Vit E, 75 IU; Vit B1, 3 mg; Vit B2, 10 mg; Vit B6, 3 mg; Vit B12, 15 µg; Vit K3, 5 mg; Nicotinic acid 60 mg; Pantothenic acid 14.5 mg; Folic acid 1.5 mg; Biotin 275 µg; Choline chloride 250 mg; Iron 20 mg; Copper 10 mg; Manganese 100 mg; Cobalt 1 mg; Zinc 82 mg; Iodine 1 mg; Selenium 0.2 mg; Molybdenum 0.5 mg

ISSN: 2524-4671