Effect of yeast species and processing on intestinal microbiota of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fed soybean meal-based diets in seawater

Table 1 Diet formulation and nutritional composition of the experimental diets*

	FM	ICJ	ACJ	IWA	AWA	SBM
Diet formulation (g/kg)
Fish meal^a	433.4	208.4	208.4	208.4	208.4	261.4
Soybean meal^b	0	300	300	300	300	300
Wheat gluten meal^c	170	111	111	111	111	136
Potato starch^d	120	68	68	68	68	90
Cellulose	80	0	0	0	0	0
Yeast^m	0	100	100	100	100	0
Fish oil^e	130	130	130	130	130	130
Gelatin^f	60	60	60	60	60	60
Monocalcium phosphate^g	0	10	10	10	10	10
Premix^h	5	5	5	5	5	5
L-lysineⁱ	0	3	3	3	3	3
DL-Methionine^j	0	3	3	3	3	3
Choline chloride^k	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.5
Yttrium^l	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
Analyzed diet composition (g/kg dry matter (DM) unless otherwise stated)
Dry matter (g/kg)	926.6	889.9	889.2	924.5	913.9	897.3
Crude protein	531.8	518.3	530.3	519.5	521.4	542.6
Starch	131.9	92.6	93.3	89.3	87.6	103.6
Ash	78.3	74.7	74.8	73.7	73.5	77.2
Carbon	509.1	502.5	517.8	513.1	511.0	509.7
Sulphur	6.0	6.2	6.0	6.1	6.0	6.3
Energy (MJ/kg DM)	23.3	23.3	23.3	23.1	23.1	23.1
DP:DE^o	23.1	22.8	22.8	22.5	22.5	23.3

^aLT fishmeal, Norsildmel, Egersund, Norway; ^bSoybean meal, Denofa AS, Fredrikstad, Norway; ^cWheat gluten, Amilina AB, Panevezys, Lithuania; ^dLygel F 60, Lyckeby Culinar, Fjälkinge, Sweden; ^eNorSalmOil, Norsildmel, Egersund, Norway; ^fRousselot 250 PS, Rousselot SAS, Courbevoie, France; ^gMonocalcium phosphate, Bolifor MCP-F, Oslo, Norway Yara; ^hPremix fish, Norsk Mineralnæring AS, Hønefoss, Norway. Per kg feed; Retinol 3150.0 IU, Cholecalciferol 1890.0 IU, α-tocopherol SD 250 mg, Menadione 12.6 mg, Thiamin 18.9 mg, Riboflavin 31.5 mg, d-Ca-Pantothenate 37.8 mg, Niacin 94.5 mg, Biotin 0.315 mg, Cyanocobalamin 0.025 mg, Folic acid 6.3 mg, Pyridoxine 37.8 mg, Ascorbate monophosphate 157.5 g, Cu: CuSulfate 5H₂O 6.3 mg, Zn: ZnSulfate 151.2 mg, Mn: Mn(II)Sulfate 18.9 mg, I: K-Iodide 3.78 mg, Ca 1.4 g; ⁱL-Lysine CJ Biotech CO., Shenyang, China; ^jRhodimet NP99, Adisseo ASA, Antony, France; ^kCholine chloride, 70% Vegetable, Indukern SA., Spain; ^lY₂O₃. Metal Rare Earth Limited, Shenzhen, China
^mICJ—inactivated Cyberlindnera jadinii; ACJ—autolyzed C. jadinii; IWA—inactivated Wickerhamomyces anomalus; AWA—autolyzed W. anomalus
^oDP:DE = Digestible protein to digestible energy ratio. Calculated using internal digestibility values of various ingredients
^*The diets are: FM—fishmeal-based; SBM—soybean meal-based; 4 other diets containing 300 g/kg SBM and 100 g/kg of ICJ, ACJ, IWA and AWA yeasts

ISSN: 2524-4671