Fig. 1

Piglet gut microbiota composition (summarized on species level) as determined by 16S rRNA gene (V3-region) amplicon sequencing after in vitro simulated colon fermentation of different substrates as indicated. Only taxa with average relative abundance > 1% shown. All fermentations were carried out in quadruplicate unless otherwise stated. The additive dose is 1% except for groups with specific description of using 0.5% additive dose. Media-GM control, no added pectin saccharides, FOS fructooligosaccharides derived from chicory (n = 3), GOS galactooligosaccharides derived from milk, Inulin inulin derived from chicory (n = 3), AG arabinogalactan, PP pea pectin (n = 2), SBPulp pulp from sugar beet (n = 2), ModSBP modified sugar beet pectin, SBP sugar beet pectin, SBP_0.5% same, but 0.5% substrate; SBP_RG-I (n = 3) and SBP-RG-I_0.5 (n = 2), sugar beet pectin derived rhamnogalacturonan I, C-HMP and C-HMP_0.5, citrus derived high methoxyl pectin (n = 3) 1% substrate, C-PG citrus derived polygalacturonic acid (constituting pectins through methyl esterification), C-RG-I citrus derived rhamnogalacturonan I, C-RG-I_0.5% LM1B, low methoxyl pectin, random esterification pattern, LM1C low methoxyl pectin, random esterification pattern, LM1D low methoxyl pectin, random esterification pattern, LM2 low methoxyl pectin, blocky esterification pattern, LM2A low methoxyl pectin, blocky esterification pattern (n = 3), Ar arabinans derived from sugar beet pectin, DebAr debranched arabinans derived from sugar beet pectin (n = 3), ModAr modified arabinans, MixArDebArPG 1:1:1 substrate mixture of polygalacturonic acid, arabinans and debranched arabinans. See Table 1 for details on degree of esterification and acetylation for the different substrates